Legal Framework for Recognition and Enforcement
Statutory Requirements for Application
To initiate enforcement, the decree-holder must apply to the District Judge's Court (or the High Court Division in specific maritime/commercial contexts) providing the original award and the original arbitration agreement, or duly certified copies thereof, as per Section 46.
| Statutory Provision | Subject Matter | Legal Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Section 45 | Recognition of Foreign Awards | Foreign awards are treated as binding and enforceable as a decree of a Bangladesh Court. |
| Section 46 | Evidence for Enforcement | Mandates submission of the original award and agreement (or certified copies) and translations. |
| Section 47 | Grounds for Refusal | Exhaustive list of grounds where the Court may refuse enforcement (e.g., Public Policy, Incapacity). |
The Enforcement Roadmap
Grounds for Refusal under Section 47
Enforcement may only be refused if the party against whom it is invoked proves to the Court that:
- A party to the arbitration agreement was under some incapacity.
- The arbitration agreement is not valid under the law to which the parties have subjected it.
- The party was not given proper notice of the appointment of the arbitrator or the proceedings.
- The award deals with a dispute not contemplated by the submission to arbitration.
- The composition of the arbitral tribunal was not in accordance with the agreement of the parties.
- The enforcement would be contrary to the public policy of Bangladesh.
Consult Barrister Liton Sarkar
For complex cross-border enforcement and asset tracing in Bangladesh.
Schedule a ConsultationFrequently Asked Questions
Can a foreign award be challenged on merits in Bangladesh?
No. Under Section 47 of the Arbitration Act 2001, the Court cannot review the merits of the case. It can only refuse enforcement based on specific procedural grounds or if the award violates the public policy of Bangladesh.
What is the limitation period for enforcing a foreign award?
While the Arbitration Act 2001 is silent on the specific period, the Supreme Court of Bangladesh generally applies Article 181 or 182 of the Limitation Act 1908, providing a period of 3 years for applications not otherwise provided for, or 12 years for the execution of a decree.
Is a translation required for awards not in Bengali?
Yes. Pursuant to Section 46(2) of the Arbitration Act 2001, if the award or agreement is in a foreign language, the party must produce a translation into English or Bengali, certified as correct by a diplomatic or consular agent or a sworn translator.
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