Legal Framework and Jurisdictional Basis
Comparative Analysis: Infringement vs. Passing Off
The distinction lies primarily in the burden of proof and the nature of the right. Infringement is a statutory remedy for the violation of an exclusive right conferred by registration, whereas Passing Off is a common law tort protecting the goodwill of a business, whether registered or not.
| Feature | Trademark Infringement | Passing Off (Common Law) |
|---|---|---|
| Statutory Basis | Section 26 & 27, Trademarks Act 2009 | Section 92, Trademarks Act 2009 |
| Registration | Mandatory Requirement | Not Required (Prior use/Goodwill) |
| Burden of Proof | Deceptive similarity to registered mark | The 'Classical Trinity' (Goodwill, Misrepresentation, Damage) |
| Primary Remedy | Statutory Damages & Injunction | Injunction & Account of Profits |
The Interlocutory Injunction Roadmap
To secure an interim stay against an infringer, the plaintiff must satisfy the court under Order XXXIX, Rules 1 & 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) 1908. The court applies a three-pronged test: Prima Facie Case, Irreparable Loss, and Balance of Convenience.
Procedural Requirements for Litigation
- Verification of Registration: For infringement, a certified copy of the registration certificate under Section 20 of the Trademarks Act 2009 is essential.
- Evidence of Goodwill: In passing off, the plaintiff must produce invoices, advertisement expenditures, and market surveys to establish reputation.
- Cease and Desist: While not mandatory, serving a formal notice often strengthens the 'Balance of Convenience' argument during the hearing of the application for temporary injunction.
Consult Barrister Liton Asaduzzaman Sarkar
Protect your intellectual property assets through strategic litigation in the District Courts or the High Court Division.
Schedule Scoping MeetingFrequently Asked Questions
Can I sue for infringement if my trademark application is still pending?
No. Under Section 24(1) of the Trademarks Act 2009, no person is entitled to institute any proceeding to prevent infringement of an unregistered trademark. However, you may pursue a 'Passing Off' action under Section 92 of the same Act.
What is the 'Classical Trinity' in a Passing Off action?
As established in common law and recognized by Bangladesh courts, the plaintiff must prove: 1) Goodwill or reputation attached to the goods; 2) Misrepresentation by the defendant to the public; and 3) Damage or likelihood of damage to the plaintiff's goodwill.
Under which law can I seek a temporary injunction against a trademark violator?
A temporary injunction is sought under Order XXXIX, Rules 1 and 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, read with Section 151 for inherent powers of the court to meet the ends of justice.
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