Minority Shareholder Protection and Oppression Remedies

?. ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????

?????? ???????: ???? ???-?? ????? ???????? ???????? (???????? ?????) ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????, ??-???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ????

?????????? ???????? ????????

???????	??????????? ???????	?????????????? ?????	?????? ????????
?. ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? (Due diligence)	????????????????? ???? ?????, ?????? ??????, ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????	???? ???(?)–(?)	?–? ??????
?. ?????? ?????? ???	??????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ???	???? ???	?–? ??????
?. ???????? ??????? ??????	???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???	???? ??? ? ???????? ????????? ????	??? ????
?. ????????????? ????? ??????	?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????? (RJSC)-?? ???? ??????? ??????	???? ???	???????? ? ????? ?????
?. ???????????????? ???????? ?????	?????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????	???? ???(?)	???????? ???? ?????
?. ??????? ????	????????/???????????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????	??????? ??????? ????????	?–? ??????
?. ?????? ? ????????????	??????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????	???? ???	?–?? ???
?. ???????? ????	????? ???? ???/??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? (????-???, ??????????, ????????, ???????? ???????)	???? ???–???	?????? ???????? ??? ?????????
?. ??????? ????????? ??????	???????? ?????? ??????? ????????/?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????	???????? ??? + ?????? ???? ???????	?????? ?? ????? ?????

?. ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????

?????? ???????: ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???, ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????????—?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????

???? ???-??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????:

??????? ???? ????????? — ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????
??????????? ????? ???? — ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? (???? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????) ????????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????
??????????/??????????? ?????? — ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????
?????? ????? ?? ???????? — ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
???????? ?????? ????? ??? — ????????????? ??????????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????
??????? ?????/?????? — ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????
??? ??????? ?????? ?????? — ?????? ???? ???-?? ????? "??????? ? ??????????" ???? ????????, ?????? ????? ???? ???-?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????

?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? (RJSC)-?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???

?. ???-??? ????? ?????: ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????

??????? ???????: ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???; ??? ?????????? ?????-????? ?????? (???? ???), ???????? ???????? ???????? (???? ???), ??????? (BSEC) ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ????—?????-??????, ????????-??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ????

?????-????? ?????? (???????? ???, ????-?? ???? ???): ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????
???????? ???????? ????????: ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???, ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???-????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????
?????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????: ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???/???-?? ????? ????????? (Registrar) ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????
??????? (BSEC) ???????? ????????? ???, ????: ??????????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ??????? (Independent Director), ???? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? — ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????
???????????????? ???????? (Shareholders' Agreements) ????????????? ???????:
- ?????-?????? ??? ???????-?????? ??????
- ????????-??????? ??????? (??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????????)
- ???????? ???? ?????? ?????-??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? (????: ????????? ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????, ??????? ??? ????????)
- ?????? ?????? (????? ??????, ????????? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ???)
- ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? (??? ????, ??????? (ROFR), ???-???/???????? ????? ????)

?. ????? (NOC) ?? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? X ????????? ?????????

??????? ???????: ????????? ??????????????? ????????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ????????, ???????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? (NOC) ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? (RJSC)-?? ?????? X ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????

????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????—????? ??? ???-??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????—???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????????? (NOC) ??? ???? ?????? X ????? ????????? ???????????:

???????? ???????? ?????: ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????, ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? (repatriation) ??? ????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????-?? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??, ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
???? (BIDA) ???????: ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? (BIDA)-? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? (????: ???????? ???? ????????, ?????????? ???????????????? ???? ???????) ??????? ??? ?????
?????? X ????? ?????????? ???????: ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????, ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????????/???????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? (??????/??????????? ???????)? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???
????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????: ??????????? ???-????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? (??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????????????? ???????) ???? ????? ??? ????, ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ????
??????????? ??????:
- ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??, ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? (in parallel) ?????-? ????? ????? ?????
- ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???-??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? X ??????? ??????? ?????
- ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? (??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ????)?
- ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????, ???? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????

?. ?????????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????

??????? ???????: ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????????????? (Articles of Association) ??? ??????????????? ???????? (Shareholders' Agreements) ???? ??????, ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ???-???-?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???

????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????:

???????? ???? ????????? ???? (Reserved matters clause): ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ????? (????—????? ????????, ????????? ?????? ???? ??????, ???????? ????????)?
????? ??? ?????? ???? (Deadlock and exit clauses): ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? (???? ???????? ????? (NOC) ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???)?
?????? ???? (Arbitration clause): ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????? '???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? (BIAC)'-?? ?????? ??????
???? ????-?????? ????????? ?????? (Information covenants): ?? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????
?????? ?????????????? ?????? (Board representation rights): ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? (alternate director) ??????? ??????
????? (NOC)-?? ????????? ?????: ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????, ?? ?????????? ???????? ????

?????? ????????? ?????????? (FAQ)

?. ????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? (oppression) ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????????, ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??-?????? (??%) ???? ???? ???, ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? (???? ??? ??????? ??-??????, ???? ??) ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????

?. ???? ????????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? (winding up) ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ????????, ???? ????? "??????? ? ???????????" (just and equitable) ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????; ???, ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? (????: ?????? ?????, ??????????, ?? ?????????? ????????) ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????, ??? ??????? ??? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????

?. ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????, ???? ???????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????, ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????

?. ??????? (BSEC)-??????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????-?? ????, ?? ????????? ??????? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? (related-party transactions) ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????

?. ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????? (RJSC)-?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????-X (Schedule X) ???????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? (NOC) ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????

????????? ???????????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????

[ ] ???? ???-?? ????? ????????????? ?/?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????
[ ] ????? ???????? ??? ??-???????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????
[ ] ???????/????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? (???????? ???????????, ?????, ?????? ???) ??????? ?????
[ ] ???????? ???????? (???????? ?????) ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ? ????? ?????
[ ] ???? ???-?? ????? ??????????? (????????)-?? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????
[ ] ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????????????? ??????????? (interim injunction) ????? ?????
[ ] ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? (NOC)-?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????
[ ] ?????? ?? ????????-?? ????? ????????? ???? ??????-X (Schedule X) ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????
[ ] ???????? ????? ????????/????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????
[ ] ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? (veto) ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????

?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd, roc.gov.bd ??? sec.gov.bd ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????

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Statutory Stage / Rule	Applicable Act & Section	Official Fees (BDT)	Statutory Authority
Notice of Dissent & Purchase of Shares	Companies Act 1994, Sec 233	As per Court Order / Valuation	High Court Division (Company Bench)
Application for Relief from Oppression	Companies Act 1994, Sec 233	Court Fees + Advocate Fees	High Court Division (Company Bench)
Inspection and Investigation Petition	Companies Act 1994, Sec 196 & 209	Variable Court Stamp Duty	Registrar of Joint Stock Companies and Firms (RJSC) / High Court
Statutory Audit & Annual Return Search	Companies Act 1994, Sec 130 & 210	BDT 100 - 500 per search	Registrar of Joint Stock Companies and Firms (RJSC)

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