Legal Framework for Recognition
Statutory Requirements for Conclusiveness
Pursuant to Section 13 of the CPC 1908, a foreign judgment shall be conclusive as to any matter thereby directly adjudicated upon between the same parties, except where:
- It has not been pronounced by a Court of competent jurisdiction;
- It has not been given on the merits of the case;
- It appears on the face of the proceedings to be founded on an incorrect view of international law;
- The proceedings were opposed to natural justice;
- It has been obtained by fraud;
- It sustains a claim founded on a breach of any law in force in Bangladesh.
| Statutory Provision | Subject Matter | Legal Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Section 13, CPC | Conclusiveness | Establishes Res Judicata for foreign decrees. |
| Section 14, CPC | Presumption | Presumes jurisdiction unless the contrary appears. |
| Section 44A, CPC | Execution | Direct execution for reciprocating territories. |
| Limitation Act, Art. 117 | Time Limit | 6 years to file a suit on a foreign judgment. |
Execution Process Roadmap
Procedural Pathways
- Reciprocating Territories: If the judgment is from a reciprocating territory (e.g., United Kingdom), the decree-holder may file for execution directly in the District Court under Section 44A of the CPC as if it were a local decree.
- Non-Reciprocating Territories: If no reciprocity exists (e.g., USA), the judgment is not directly executable. The holder must file a new civil suit in Bangladesh using the foreign judgment as evidence of a debt.
- Limitation Period: Under Article 117 of the Limitation Act 1908, a suit upon a foreign judgment must be instituted within six years from the date of the judgment.
Consult Barrister Liton Sarkar
For cross-border enforcement strategies and litigation support in the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.
Schedule ScopingFrequently Asked Questions
Can a foreign judgment be challenged on merits in Bangladesh?
Generally, no. Under Section 13 of the CPC 1908, a foreign judgment is conclusive. However, it can be challenged if it was not decided on the merits or if it violates Bangladeshi public policy.
What is the limitation period for enforcing a foreign decree?
According to Article 117 of the Limitation Act 1908, the limitation period for filing a suit upon a foreign judgment is six years from the date of the judgment.
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